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The Human Heart: Understanding the Cardiac CycleThe heart is an amazing organ that constantly pumps blood throughout the body to sustain life. In this presentation, we'll explore the fascinating cardiac cycle and its intricate mechanisms. by Devil's Customs PK
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Structure and Function of Cardiac Muscle CellsShape and SizeCardiac muscle cells are cylindrical and smaller than skeletal muscle cells, with a single nucleus and striated appearance.Functional PropertiesCardiac muscle cells are involuntary, meaning they contract automatically in response to electrical impulses from the heart's pacemaker cells.Intercalated DiscsThese specialized structures join adjacent cardiac muscle cells and help transmit electrical signals quickly, ensuring coordinated contraction.Cardiac OutputThe amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in one minute, is the product of heart rate and stroke volume and is measured in liters per minute.PK
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Electrical Events during the Cardiac Cycle1SA Node DepolarizationThe sinoatrial (SA) node initiates the impulse that spreads through the atria, causing them to contract.2AV Node DelayThe atrioventricular (AV) node briefly delays the impulse, allowing the ventricles to fill with blood.3Bundle of His and Purkinje FibersThe impulse rapidly travels through the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers, causing the ventricles to contract.PK
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Phases of the Cardiac Cycle: Systole and Diastole SystoleThe phase in which the ventricles contract and blood is ejected into the aorta and pulmonary artery. DiastoleThe phase in which the ventricles relax and fill with blood from the atria. Heart SoundsThe characteristic "lub-dub" sound of the heartbeat corresponds to the closing of the heart valves.PK
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Cardiac Output Regulation1Sympathetic Nervous SystemStress or exercise activates the "fight or flight" response, causing increased heart rate and contractility to meet the body's needs.2Parasympathetic Nervous SystemDuring rest, the "rest and digest" response dominates, slowing heart rate and reducing contractility to conserve energy.3Frank-Starling LawA mechanism by which the heart adjusts its stroke volume in response to changes in venous return, so that cardiac output remains constant.PK
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Common Cardiac Cycle Disorders1ArrhythmiaAbnormal heart rhythm, which may lead to palpitations or dizziness.2Heart FailureThe heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's demands, leading to shortness of breath and other symptoms.3Cardiac ArrestSudden loss of heart function, which can be fatal within minutes if not treated promptly. PK
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Medical Treatments for Cardiac Cycle DisordersMedication TherapyDrugs that help regulate heart rhythm, increase cardiac output, or reduce blood pressure.Implantable DevicesPacemakers or defibrillators that can help regulate heart function or correct arrhythmias.SurgeryCertain cardiac disorders may require surgical intervention, such as valve replacement or bypass surgery.PK
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7/23/19Click to edit Master text stylesSecond levelThird levelFourth levelFifth level‹#›PK
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